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MEDICAL TAPING

Background

CureTape ® is used in close connection with our core concept; Medical Taping. The basis for Medical Taping was laid in Japan and Korea in the 1990s. At that time methods of taping were being developed starting from the idea that movement and muscle activity are essential in maintaining and recovering health. The idea behind this was that muscles are not only attributed to the movements of the body but also control for instance blood and lymph circulation and body temperature. Currently many people in Asia, Western Europe and the U.S. working in the healthcare industry (doctors and physiotherapists) are using this method to treat their patients. Medical Taping's revolutionary techniques have become the standard in therapeutic rehabilitative taping, having been identified as a highly effective way to treat muscular disorders and lymph edema reduction.


Method

Pursuing the science of movement (Kinesiology), a kind of elastic tape was being developed which could support the muscles in their function without restricting their movement. By treating the affected muscles in this way, the body’s own healing process is activated. During the development of this method it soon appeared that the possibilities of application were more versatile than only treating muscles.
The tape used has about the same elasticity and thickness as the human skin. The elasticity of the tape in relation to the elasticity of the skin is used to create a lifting effect on the epidermis. Due to the lifting effect more space is created in the area of the subcutis, where all kinds of receptors, blood and lymph vessels are located. By using different taping techniques several other effects can be achieved as well. 
Physiological movement is supported, through which the body’s own healing process is activated. In other words, the tape supports exactly that which ideally the body would do itself. The lifting effect of the tape on the skin improves the subcutaneous blood circulation and lymphatic drainage. Through the decrease of pressure the initial lymph vessels can open more widely. This exactly meets the objective of manual lymphatic drainage. The hypoallergenic, porous, skin friendly properties of the tape make it possible to wear the tape for multiple days, thus a 24 hour a day treatment is possible.

Lately new techniques and additions came one after the other after people started working with the concept. Thus new methods of treatment came into being, such as ‘Lymph Taping’, ‘Meridian Taping’ and ‘Cross Taping’. Subsequently all these methods have been included in the Medical Taping Courses which are given by TapeConcept Ltd. The concept can be used by physiotherapists, doctors, orthopedics, sports coaches and masseurs, but also by non-medical practitioners. However a basic knowledge of anatomy and medical terms is required to use the tape in the best and most effective way.


To many professional Healthcare practitioners Medical Taping has become an essential additional method in their practice.

Effects

1. Improvement of the muscle function 

2. Activation of the circulation (blood and lymph) 

3. De-activation of the pain system. 

4. Supporting the function of the joints by: 

• stimulating proprioception 

• correcting the direction of movement 

• increasing stability 

5. Segmental influences

Tape techniques

Muscle Tape
Ligament/tendon Tape
Space Technique
Fascia Tape
Corrective Technique
Lymph Tape

Cure-Tape ® characteristics

The characteristics of Curetape® are different compared to the regular tapes currently used by many doctors and physiotherapists. The tape is constructed with a high-quality cotton base that provides elasticity characteristics similar to those of human skin (130–140% self-stretching). Its acryl adhesive, hypo-allergenic backing, in wave-form, clearly reduces the risk of skin irritations and allows the skin to breath. The adhesive characteristics of the surface are activated by body heat. The tape is air- and water-permeable, while still being water resistant. Due to these characteristics, once fixed in place, the tape can be worn for several days (4-5 days) without any loss in the quality of its effect.

Indications

- stimulate hypotonic muscles
- inhibit hypertonic muscles
- protect muscles against overexertion
- protect joints                                      
- alleviate pain                                      
- reduce inflammations                           
- decrease lymph edema
- decrease hematoma
- influence range of motion
- improve proprioception
- correct posture
- correct fascia

Some examples of treatments: Acute Shoulder Injury, Impingement Syndrome, Frozen Shoulder, Neck Pains, Bursitis olecrani, Epicondylitis, Carpal-Tunnel-Syndrome, Rip Fracture, Hernia lumbalis, Coxarthrosis, Chondromalacia patellae, Gonarthrosis, Hallux valgus, Limps Stabilization, Muscles detonizing and tonizing, Neuralgia, etc.

Tips when taping

There are a few tips and points of interest which always apply whatever the taping technique used.

• Always see to it that the skin to be taped is clean, dry and grease free. 

• It is always advisable to put the tape on the bare skin. On a hairy skin the tape does not stick so well and peels off sooner. As the tape has to be removed some time, it is, in any case, recommendable to remove hairs beforehand.
• Removing the tape from the paper is easiest if you keep the cut piece of tape with the cotton side towards you and go with the tip of your finger across the upper edge. It is also possible to tear the paper first (for some techniques this is advisable). 

• The base and the anchor of the tape are always applied without stretch. 

• Bases and anchors are always cut round, through which the tape stays on longer and better.
• See to it that there are no folds in the tape or in the skin under the tape, because this may cause blisters.
• When the tape has been applied, rub it a little warm for optimal adhesion. 

• The tape sticks better if the fabric becomes warmer, therefore be careful when applying heat to areas of skin with tape.
• Sometimes there is a short time (10 to 20 minutes) that the skin under the tape itches. This is no problem. When the itching or irritation lasts more than half an hour the tape must be removed.
• The tape must be removed carefully. Preferably soak it in water, stretch the skin and roll the tape from the top downwards. 

• When the tape is removed carelessly the skin may become irritated.
• The tape can only be used lengthwise, e.g. for children smaller strips should be cut.

Remark: The skin should be grease free to get optimal adhesion; pure essential oils from the aroma therapy form an exception. The tape sticks even better on this oil. However, one should be careful as some oils cause skin irritation and for certain oils there are contraindications.

Characteristics and effect

Characteristics of the Tape

The Tape is constructed with a high-quality cotton base that provides elasticity characteristics similar to those of human skin (130-140% self-stretching). Its acryl-covered backing clearly reduces the risk of skin irritations. The adhesive characteristics of the surface are activated by body heat. The Tape is air-and water- permeable, while still being water resistant. Due to those characteristics, once fixed in place, the Tape can be worn for several days without any loss in the quality of its effect.

Stretching rules

When using the Tape, the therapist should adhere to the following principle: Never stretch the Tape or at least stretch it only very slightly! The Tape is fixed onto pre-stretched skin, musculature or tissue. During the production process, when it is fixed on the glue -foil, the material is already stretched about approximately 10%. Additional stretching of the material during the treatment may results in the Tape falling off the skin more quickly. In certain exceptional cases, the Tape may be stretched or to fixed under a slight traction:

×        With injuries (in this case the affected spot often can not be stretched);

×        With joint-supporting techniques (e.g. for stimulation of the proprio-sensors);

×        With supporting of capsules, ligaments and joints (e.g. when using the ligament technique).

Forms of the Tape

Four forms of the Tape are differentiated in practice: I-, X-, Y- and lymph Tapes. The I- and the Y- forms are applied the most frequently, while the lymph Tape is used exclusively with lymph- or mobilizing techniques of the subcutis. A better adhesion can be achieved when the corners of the Tape are rounded off.

Colors of the Tape

As in many healing methods, color is also used in the field of the Medical – Taping. Here, the ulterior motive is to influence different processes inside the body by means of certain colors. In the field of the Medical-Taping, the colors brown, yellow, blue, pink and black are currently available.

Brown or skin-colored Tapes are neutral Tapes and can be carried unobtrusively. This color symbolizes earth, forthrightness, independence, relationship energy, and it has a stabilizing characteristic. The colours brown and yellow are quite similar in their functions.

Blue is both a comforting colour and has a cooling effect. The blue-colored Tape is used most frequently with active inflammation processes or swellings. Blue represents water, coolness and quietness.

Pink is a stimulating color and is used to produce warmth and activity in the underlying tissue structures. Fire, inspiration, warmth and light are associated with this color.

Black is mostly used in America and is not a true color. It absorbs energy and is dispiriting and depressive. The colour doesn’t really support the healing processes.

During the therapy, the choice of color can be justified in different kind of ways. Blue is mostly used if the lymph drainage needs to be stimulated. It symbolizes water and a path is indicated to the lymph so that it can follow the stream in the direction of the lymph nodes. The color blue is often used with inflammation processes or swellings. For stabilization and stimulation, it is advisable to use pink as this color creates warmth and activity. Brown (yellow) is a very neutral color and actually can be used in every field.

If athletes have got a free choice of color, they often go for the color combination blue and pink. It looks great and attracts the attention of their entourage. Interest in the injury is evoked and the person becomes the centre of attention. The result possibly has a positive effect on the healing process.

Older people prefer not to attract to attention and, in contrast, decide or ask for brown or yellow Tape. Business people also generally settle for a neutral color if the Tape has to be fixed visibly (e.g. in the neck). They do not want to be in the centre of attention-for them it is the customer, who is important. To date, there is no scientific evidence that the color of the Tape has a desired effect.

Process of a Tape treatment

At the beginning, cut the Tape into the desired form and remove the protective film. The Tape can best be removed for its paper as shown I Fig. 14. The base of Tape (±5 cm) is always applied to the skin unstretched. Stretch the skin and then fix the Tape completely. After this, rub over the Tape several times to activate the heat-sensitive adhesive film.

Important!

¶        In no case expose Taped spots to external heat sources!

¶        Areas that are standardly exposed to water (e.g. hands) can be secured by means of an extra anchor.

¶        If the person wants to participate in sports activities, the Tape should be applied at least 20-30 minutes beforehand.

¶        The Tape can best be removed when it is wet: stretch the skin and then remove or unroll the Tape in the direction of the growth of hair.

¶        When hair growth does not interfere with the adhesiveness of the Tape, the Tape can be applied on top of the hair. If it does interfere, it is advisable to shave the spot.

 The Tape treatment must be combined with good advice. To assist the patient in caring for the Tape in the most efficient manner, the therapist should provide a number of tips:

       ¶        As the Tape is water-resistant, the patient can take a shower or go swimming.

¶        After the shower the Tape should only dabbed dry, not rubbed dry!

¶        Loosened Tape-ends should be carefully cut off. Do not fix the Tape using other plasters.

¶        The patient can phone you at any time in case he is unsettled by a reaction of the Tape. You can then decide whether the Tape should be removed or not.

¶        Itching is not always an indication to remove the Tape!

¶        The patient can additionally drink water to achieve a detoxicating effect of the Tape.

Contra-indications

To date, little is known of contraindications. Nevertheless, practical experiences have indicated that the therapist should be alert for the following:

¶        It is not safe to Tape if there is a fresh injury and you do not have detailed knowledge of the nature of the injury. In this case it is not clear how strong a possible swelling may be (option: apply a lymph Tape).

¶        Taping is not advisable if the skin is inconsistent.

¶        There is danger is taping a thrombosis as it could disengage.

¶        Taping is not without risk when the patient is pregnant. As the Tape can stimulate the organs via the skin, a segmental influence cannot be excluded.

¶        Taping is inappropriate if the skin may react allergically. Itching does not always indicate an allergic reaction.

¶        Different applications should not be applied over the Tape. This is especially directed at treatments with electricity, fango or massage therapies. Possible lymph drainage can be carried out safely.

Handling of the tape

In this chapter different forms and techniques of Tape-cutting and application techniques will be explained.

Muscle Tape

When applying the muscle-Tape, there is a difference between tonizing and detonizing (it depends on which effect you want to achieve). However, in terms of actually applying the Tape, this difference is not relevant.

I-Tape

The Tape has to be measured when the muscle is stretched. After this, it is important to always round off the ends of the Tape so that the Tape sticks longer and does not peel off from the body so easily. The Tape is removed carefully from the paper. One should take care not to touch the adhesive film of the Tape too much; otherwise the adhesion will be reduced. Remove the first 4-5cm carefully from the paper and do not apply it in a stretched state to the basic spot of the muscle (origin or insertion). Then remove the paper-except for the last 4-5cm.

Only now can the Tape be applied to the muscle-without traction or under only slight traction (depending on the effect, one wants to achieve). Carefully rub the Tape onto the skin and guard against wrinkling of the Tape. Finally, remove the remaining paper backing from the Tape. The Tape has to be applied to the relaxed/stretched skin without stretching. Rub your hands over the Tape several times to warm up the adhesive film and achieve a better adhesion.

Y-Tape

The Tape has to be measured when the muscle is stretched. One end of the Tape is rounded off; the other end is cut into two strips of the desired lengths. Remove the Tape from the paper. Here, one should also take care not to touch the adhesive film of the Tape too much so as not to lose optimum adhesion. Remove the first 4-5cm of the Tape from the paper and apply it to the unstretched basic spot of the muscle (origin or insertion). Then remove the paper from the Tape and put the strips lightly on the unstretched skin (without touching the strips). Only now stretch the muscle and apply the ventral and medial strip along the course of the muscle (around or over the muscle venter). Again apply the end pieces of the strips without traction (relaxed skin). Finally, rub your hand several times over the Tape to warm up the adhesive film and achieve a better adhesion.

Ligament Tape

This Tape is always used as an I-Tape. When measuring and cutting the Tape, one should take care that the Tape is always fixed totally stretched (full traction). Both ends are rounded off (simplified approach: fold the Tape doubled). Rip the paper centrally and remove it from the paper on both sides, with the exception of the last   4-5cm.

Hold the Tape between the forefinger and middle finger (the back of the hand points forward/finger tips to the body). In the middle, the Tape is totally pulled into traction and then put on top of the ligament. The Tape is carefully pressed on firmly with the forefinger, and the outer end pieces of the Tape are applied to the skin without traction. Then, rub your hands again over the Tape several times. With this technique, the Tape can also be held between both fingers.

Space technique

This technique is a ligament technique in which four Tapes are applied “star-shaped” on top of each other. The form of this Tape is also called “hot-spot”. By the use of the hot-spot, the tissue is disburdened centrally. Depending on which area becomes disburdened, the normal width (5cm) or half-width of the Tape (2.5cm) is used. Here it is important to consider the stretching direction of the Tape.

Fascia Tape

For this technique, a Y-Tape is always used.

The starting posture of the patient is as relaxed as possible. Without stretching, the base of the Tape is applied next to the area to be disburdened. The paper is removed from the Tape and the strips are applied lightly to the skin. With the fascia – tape, the technique “Jingeln” is used for the application of the strips. As the technique is difficult to execute, one needs a bit practice. Both strips are held in both forefingers, the Tape is slightly stretched (1-2mm!) and then it is immediately put back onto the skin. This process is repeated several times, with the end pieces of the strips applied to the skin, again without stretching. This technique produces small “power-waves” in the Tape, which correct the fascia and hold it tight.

Corrective technique

For the corrective technique, an I-Tape is used. The base of the Tape is put on the relaxed skin and fixed under slight pressures (apply a hand). Remove the paper from the tape except for the last 4-5cm, stretch it from light to intense and apply it to the skin. The outer end of the Tape is again fixed without traction. As soon as the fixating hand is taken away, the effect of the Tape becomes visible: the skin is pulled into the direction of the base. This technique is the reverse of that of the fascia-Tape.

Lymph Tape

For this technique a Tape width of 7.5cm is necessary (in the ideal case), and the measuring again has to be done in a stretched condition. Depending on the width of the Tape (5 or 7.5cm), it is cut into four to six straps. The base of the Tape should be 4-5cm long. The elasticity of the Tape ensures that the Tape is pulled to the point it is first applied. The base of the Tape is placed in the pulling direction of the lymph’s stream. After the base has been applied, the paper must be removed from the Tape and for the time being, the straps are put loosely on the skin. The single straps are then applied to the skin, wave-like and without traction. The wavelike application achieves a better result (it costs less energy to transport liquid “stairs-like” upwards). However, if you apply a lymph-Tape starting horizontally and running downwards, the straps can run straight.

Cross Tapes

The Cross tape method has been closely associated with the concept of taping for quite some time. Cross tapes have been used in Asia for many years to trigger points and acupuncture points.

Material

The Cross tapes are skin colored and non-elastic, and they are constructed in a grid-shape of 2,5 x 2cm. The grid consists of four horizontal and three vertical strips crossing each other. This tape is anti-allergic and waterproof, because on its adhesive quality it can be used only once.

To date, there is no definite explanation for the effect of the Cross tapes. Possible factors could be:

×        The cross tapes material is non stretchable. As a result the epidermis can no longer be moved (or can hardly be moved). The invitation in this so-called overstrained area therefore, is either completely absent or only slightly present. The hypothesis is that the subcutaneous tissue strain is maintained due to an irritation from beneath. Skin movement can provoke this.